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<title>Local ternary patterns</title>
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<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Local ternary patterns</span></span>
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<p><b>Local ternary patterns</b> (LTP) are an extension of <a href="Local_binary_patterns" title="Local binary patterns">local binary patterns</a> (LBP).<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Unlike LBP, it does not threshold the pixels into 0 and 1, rather it uses a threshold constant to threshold <a href="Pixel" title="Pixel">pixels</a> into three values. Considering k as the threshold constant, c as the value of the center pixel, a neighboring pixel p, the result of threshold is:
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<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\begin{cases}1,&{\text{if }}p>c+k\\0,&{\text{if }}p>c-k{\text{ and }}p<c+k\\-1&{\text{if }}p<c-k\\\end{cases}}}</annotation>
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<p>In this way, each thresholded pixel has one of the three values. Neighboring pixels are combined after thresholding into a ternary pattern. Computing a <a href="Histogram" title="Histogram">histogram</a> of these <a href="Ternary_numeral_system" title="Ternary numeral system">ternary values</a> will result in a large range, so the ternary pattern is split into two binary patterns. Histograms are concatenated to generate a descriptor double the size of LBP.
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div>
<ul><li><a href="Local_binary_patterns" title="Local binary patterns">Local binary patterns</a></li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>
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</style><cite id="CITEREFXiaoyang_TanTriggs2010" class="citation journal cs1">Xiaoyang Tan; Triggs, Bill (June 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/5411802">"Enhanced Local Texture Feature Sets for Face Recognition Under Difficult Lighting Conditions"</a>. <i>IEEE Transactions on Image Processing</i>. <b>19</b> (6): <span class="nowrap">1635–</span>1650. <a href="CiteSeerX_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="CiteSeerX (identifier)">CiteSeerX</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.105.3355">10.1.1.105.3355</a></span>. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1109%2FTIP.2010.2042645">10.1109/TIP.2010.2042645</a>. <a href="ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1057-7149">1057-7149</a>. <a href="PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20172829">20172829</a>.</cite></span>
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<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFJiRenPuLiu2018" class="citation journal cs1">Ji, Luping; Ren, Yan; Pu, Xiaorong; Liu, Guisong (2018-07-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.patcog.2018.02.009">"Median local ternary patterns optimized with rotation-invariant uniform-three mapping for noisy texture classification"</a>. <i>Pattern Recognition</i>. <b>79</b>: <span class="nowrap">387–</span>401. <a href="Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018PatRe..79..387J">2018PatRe..79..387J</a>. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.patcog.2018.02.009">10.1016/j.patcog.2018.02.009</a></span>. <a href="S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:13691471">13691471</a>.</cite></span>
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